Generator Sizing

Disclaimer

This calculator provides estimates for informational purposes only. Always follow manufacturer instructions and local building or electrical codes, and consult a licensed contractor or electrician before acting on this information -- especially for structural work, electrical wiring, or fuel-burning equipment.

How Generator Sizing Is Calculated

A generator needs to cover every appliance’s continuous running watts, plus the single largest startup surge on top. List each appliance’s running watts (and starting watts, if it has a motor), and this calculator adds them up.

Key Factors to Consider

  • Not every appliance needs to run at once. If you’re willing to stagger usage during an outage (running the microwave and the well pump at different times, for example), you can size a smaller generator than the “everything at once” total this calculator returns — worth deciding in advance which appliances are truly essential versus nice-to-have.
  • Running watts and starting watts are printed differently across appliances. Some manufacturers list both directly on a nameplate or in the manual; others only list running watts or amps, in which case starting watts (for anything with a motor — refrigerators, well pumps, air conditioners, sump pumps) may need to be estimated from the appliance type if not otherwise available.
  • A generator’s continuous rating, not its peak/surge rating, is what covers running watts. Manufacturers often advertise a generator’s higher surge wattage prominently — check the continuous (rated) wattage specifically against your running-watts total, since that’s the number the generator can sustain, not just briefly handle.
  • Fuel consumption and runtime are a separate consideration from sizing. A correctly sized generator still needs enough fuel on hand to actually last through an outage — see the Generator Runtime & Fuel Consumption Calculator for that half of the planning.

Useful to Know

Portable generators are a real carbon monoxide poisoning risk if run indoors, in a garage, or too close to windows and doors. A mid-size portable generator can produce as much carbon monoxide as several cars running at once, and CO is colorless and odorless — always run a portable generator outdoors, away from windows, doors, and vents, never in an enclosed or partially enclosed space. Separately, never plug a generator directly into a wall outlet (“backfeeding”) to power a home’s wiring — without a proper transfer switch, this can send electricity back through the grid and seriously injure or kill utility workers repairing lines they believe are de-energized, and it’s illegal in most places. A licensed electrician can install a transfer switch for safe whole-house backup power.

The Formula

Recommended Watts=Total Running Watts+Largest Surge\vC{\text{Recommended Watts}} = \vA{\text{Total Running Watts}} + \vB{\text{Largest Surge}}

Where the surge for one appliance is max(0,Starting WattsRunning Watts)\max(0, \text{Starting Watts} - \text{Running Watts}), and only the single LARGEST surge across all appliances counts — appliances essentially never all start at the exact same instant.

Worked Example

A refrigerator (700W running, 2,200W starting), lights (200W), and a TV (150W):

    1. Total running watts: 700+200+150=1,050\vA{700 + 200 + 150} = 1,050.
    2. Largest surge: 2,200700=1,500\vB{2,200 - 700} = 1,500.
    3. Recommended size: Recommended=1,050+1,500=2,550 watts\vC{\text{Recommended}} = \vA{1,050} + \vB{1,500} = \vC{2,550} \text{ watts}.

Source: Standard generator-shopping sizing guideline.

Frequently Asked Questions

What size generator do I need for my house?

Add up the continuous running watts of every appliance you want to power, then add the single largest starting-watt surge on top (many motor-driven appliances like refrigerators or well pumps briefly draw much more power to start up than to keep running). This calculator does that math from your own appliance list.

Why does starting wattage matter for generator sizing?

A generator has to survive the brief startup surge of a motor-driven appliance, not just its steady running load -- undersizing for that surge can trip the generator’s breaker or stall it, even if the running wattage alone would have been fine.

Do I need to add up every appliance’s starting watts separately?

No -- appliances essentially never all start at the exact same instant in real use, so only the single largest starting surge needs to be added on top of everything else’s combined running watts, not the sum of every appliance’s surge.

Is it safe to run a portable generator in my garage?

No -- portable generators produce significant carbon monoxide, a colorless and odorless gas, and running one in a garage (even with the door open) or indoors is a real poisoning risk. Always run a portable generator outdoors, well away from windows, doors, and vents.

Can I just plug my generator into a wall outlet to power my house?

No -- this practice, called "backfeeding," can send electricity back through the grid and seriously injure or kill utility workers repairing lines they believe are de-energized, and it's illegal in most places. A licensed electrician can install a proper transfer switch for safe whole-house backup power.

Should I size for my whole house or just essential circuits?

Most homeowners size for a subset of essential circuits -- refrigerator, well pump, some lights, a furnace blower -- rather than every circuit in the house, since running everything at once is both expensive to size for and rarely necessary during a short outage. Deciding in advance which appliances are truly essential keeps the needed generator size, and its cost, much more reasonable.

Confirm Your Age

To create an account, please tell us your birth month and year.