Quadratic Formula Calculator

Solutions

X = 1, X = 2

The Numbers

  • Discriminant (b² - 4ac): 1
  • Two distinct real roots (the discriminant is positive).

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How This Calculator Works

The quadratic formula solves any equation of the form ax² + bx + c = 0 for x, using only the equation’s three coefficients. Enter a, b, and c, and this calculator finds every value of x that makes the equation true — including the case where the answer involves complex numbers rather than real ones.

A quadratic equation always has exactly two solutions when counted correctly: two distinct real numbers, one real number counted twice (a “repeated root”), or a pair of complex numbers. Which case applies depends entirely on the sign of the discriminant (the part under the square root) — this calculator tells you which one you’ve got, not just the raw numbers.

The Formula

For ax2+bx+c=0\vA{a}x^2 + \vB{b}x + \vC{c} = 0 (with a0\vA{a} \neq 0):

x=b±b24ac2ax = \frac{-\vB{b} \pm \sqrt{\vB{b}^2 - 4\vA{a}\vC{c}}}{2\vA{a}}

The term under the square root, b24ac\vB{b}^2 - 4\vA{a}\vC{c}, is called the discriminant:

DiscriminantWhat it means
PositiveTwo distinct real roots
Exactly zeroOne repeated real root
NegativeTwo complex-conjugate roots (no real solution)

Worked Example

For x23x+2=0x^2 - 3x + 2 = 0 (a=1\vA{a}=1, b=3\vB{b}=-3, c=2\vC{c}=2):

  1. Discriminant: (3)24(1)(2)=98=1(-3)^2 - 4(1)(2) = 9 - 8 = 1, which is positive, so there are two distinct real roots.
  2. x=3±12=3±12x = \frac{3 \pm \sqrt{1}}{2} = \frac{3 \pm 1}{2}.
  3. x=42=2x = \frac{4}{2} = 2 or x=22=1x = \frac{2}{2} = 1.

Checking: (1)23(1)+2=13+2=0(1)^2 - 3(1) + 2 = 1 - 3 + 2 = 0 and (2)23(2)+2=46+2=0(2)^2 - 3(2) + 2 = 4 - 6 + 2 = 0 — both solutions check out.

Source: Wikipedia: Quadratic Formula.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the quadratic formula?

For an equation in the form ax² + bx + c = 0, the quadratic formula gives x = (-b ± √(b² - 4ac)) ÷ (2a). It solves for every value of x that makes the equation true, using only the equation's three coefficients.

What does the discriminant tell me?

The discriminant is the part under the square root, b² - 4ac. A positive discriminant means two distinct real roots, zero means exactly one repeated real root, and a negative discriminant means the two roots are complex (involving the imaginary unit i) rather than real numbers.

What if "a" is zero?

If a = 0, the equation isn't actually quadratic anymore — it's linear (bx + c = 0), which the quadratic formula can't solve since it would divide by zero. This calculator flags that case and tells you to use a linear equation instead.